Pyrénées-Orientales.

Pyrénées-Orientales (English: Eastern Pyrenees, Catalan: Pirineus Orientals, Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals) is a department of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish enclave Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain.

History.

Prior to the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, most of the present department was part of the former Principality of Catalonia, within the Crown of Aragon, so the majority of it has historically been Catalan-speaking, and it is still sometimes referred to (mainly by Catalans and the Conseil général of Pyrénées-Orientales[1]) as Northern Catalonia. Pyrénées-Orientales also corresponds almost exactly to the pre-Revolutionary province of Roussillon. See also: French Cerdagne.
Invaded by Spain in April 1793, the area was recaptured thirteen months later.

Administration.

The département is managed by the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales in Perpignan. The Pyrénées-Orientales is part of the region of Languedoc-Roussillon. The General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales is more and more involved with the European Union to create with the Generalitat of Catalonia, and Andorra, a Catalan Eurodistrict.

Geography.

Pyrénées-Orientales has an area of 4,115 km². and a population of 422,000, of whom just over a quarter live in the capital, Perpignan. Other towns include Argelès-sur-Mer, Thuir, Elne (the ancient Illiberis) and Prades, each of 6-10,000 inhabitants.
Pyrénées-Orientales consists of three river valleys in the Pyrenees mountain range –from north to south, those of the Agly, Têt and Tech– and the eastern Plain of Roussillon into which they converge. Most of the population and agricultural production are concentrated in the plain, with only 30% of the area. There is one water reservoir at Lac de Matemale.
The upper Tech valley comprises the departments westernmost third, with just over a tenth of the total population. To the south-east, the Têt valley and the Côte Vermeille contain nearly 100,000 inhabitants. The Agly basin in the north-east has much in common with neighboring areas of Aude. Llívia is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, that forms a Spanish exclave surrounded by French territory.

Economy.

Pyrénées-Orientales is a wine-growing area and a tourist destination.

Demographics.

French is spoken by almost all the population. Minority languages in the region are Catalan and Occitan, which between them are estimated to be spoken by rather more than a quarter of the population and understood by more than 40%.
On 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales recognized Catalan as language of the Department, though French is still the only official language in France, according to the Constitution.
The area is traditionally divided into comarques, of which five (French Cerdagne, Capcir, Conflent, Roussillon and Vallespir) are Catalan speaking and one (Fenouillèdes) is Occitan speaking. The five Catalan speaking comarques were historically part of the Kingdom of Majorca.

Culture.

Places of interest include:
• Prades (Catalan Prada de Conflent) - site of the Catalan Summer University (Universitat Catalana d'Estiu).
• Banyuls-sur-Mer (Catalan Banyuls de la Marenda) famous for its Grenache-based Banyuls wine, birth place of Aristide Maillol.
• Prats de Molló - important defensive castle of the 17th century facing south to the Pyrenees.
• Salses - important defensive castle of the 16th century, on the ancient frontier with Spain

Text from Wikipedia.